Enamel protection
Several clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of fluoride toothpastes, mouthwashes and varnishes in the prevention of tooth decay in children and adolescents. [Marinho et al., 2003]
The use of fluoride containing dentifrices are generally well tolerated and associated with low oral toxicity. There is evidence that excessive ingestion of fluoride from multiple sources over an extended period of time can lead to abnormal enamel development, termed dental fluorosis. This effect is not of toxicological concern, but severe forms of this condition are cosmetically objectionable as it causes permanent tooth discolouration. Children aged 6 and younger are considered at increased risk of dental fluorosis compared to adults due to their developing dentition. However, the risk of this condition occurring through use of a fluoridated toothpaste alone is considered minimal. [SCCNP, 2006]
Unlike dental fluorosis, the condition of skeletal fluorosis is of increased toxicological concern, but this condition is typically only observed following excessive prolonged intake of fluoride at levels greater than obtained from a toothpaste product.
Toothpaste packaging also includes warning statements directed at parents of young children. In Europe, children aged 6 and younger are directed to use a pea-sized amount for supervised brushing to minimize swallowing. In the case of intake of fluoride from other sources, a dentist or physician should be consulted. Other labeling is in place on toothpastes marketed worldwide in accordance with local market regulations.
